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Architecture is the general term for buildings and structures

Architecture is the general term for buildings and structures. It is an artificial environment created by people to meet the needs of social life, utilizing the material and technological means they have mastered, and applying certain scientific laws, feng shui concepts, and aesthetic principles. Some classifications distinguish buildings from non building structures that people do not occupy for a long time in order to clearly express their usability. In addition, some architectural scholars deliberately subdivide buildings that have been consciously created by people into "architecture" in order to avoid confusion. It should be noted that sometimes buildings may also be extended to include 'non building structures' such as bridges, power towers, tunnels, etc. Buildings have two meanings: broad and narrow. In a broad sense, buildings refer to everything artificially constructed, including both houses and structures. Narrowly defined buildings refer to houses, excluding structures. A house refers to a space with a foundation, walls, roof, doors, and windows that can provide shelter from wind and rain, and is used for people to live, work, study, entertain, store items, or engage in other activities. Architecture related majors often refer to the narrow meaning of buildings. The concept of buildings that can best illustrate the study of "architecture" related majors is Laozi's: "The temple is like a vessel, when it is not present, the vessel is also used. The window is like a room, when it is not present, the vessel is used." This is undoubtedly the clearest and most direct expression of the narrow concept of buildings. Unlike buildings, there is no internal space available for people to use in structures, and people generally do not directly engage in production and living activities inside, such as chimneys, water towers, bridges, dams, sculptures, etc.

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Classification by nature of use

Residential buildings: refer to buildings designed for families or individuals to reside for a long period of time, and can be divided into residential and collective dormitories (residential buildings are divided into ordinary residential, high-end apartments, and villas; collective dormitories are divided into single employee dormitories and student dormitories). Public buildings refer to non productive buildings used by people for shopping, office, learning, medical treatment, travel, sports, etc., such as office buildings, shops, hotels, cinemas, gyms, exhibition halls, hospitals, etc. Industrial buildings: refer to buildings used for industrial production or directly serving industrial production, such as factories, warehouses, etc. Agricultural buildings: refer to buildings used for agricultural production or directly serving agricultural production, such as silos, breeding farms, etc. [1] （2） The number of floors of a house classified by floor number or total height refers to the natural number of floors of the house, generally calculated based on an indoor floor level of ± 0 or above; For a semi basement with daylight windows above the outdoor floor level, if the indoor floor height is above 2.20m (excluding 2.20m), the natural number of floors shall be calculated. False floors, attached floors (mezzanine), insertions, attics, decorative towers, as well as stairwells and water tank rooms protruding from the roof, do not count the number of floors. The total number of floors in a house is the sum of the number of floors above ground and underground. Residential buildings are divided into low-rise residential buildings (1-3 floors), multi-story residential buildings (4-6 floors), medium to high-rise residential buildings (7-9 floors), and high-rise residential buildings (10 floors and above) based on the number of floors. Public buildings and comprehensive buildings with a total height exceeding 24m are high-rise buildings, but do not include single story buildings with a total height exceeding 24m. A building with a total height exceeding OOm, whether it is a residential or public building, or a comprehensive building, is called a super high-rise building [1] （3） According to the classification of building structure, building structure refers to the system composed of load-bearing components (foundations, walls, columns, beams, floors, roof trusses, etc.) in a building.

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